“PLC”的定義是什么


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“PLC”的定義是什么？

可編程邏輯控制器 (PLC) 是一種用于工業自動化的堅固耐用的計算機。這些控制器可以自動化特定流程、機器功能，甚至整條生產線。

PLC 如何工作？

PLC 從連接的傳感器或輸入設備接收信息，處理數據，并根據預編程參數觸發輸出。
根據輸入和輸出，PLC 可以監控和記錄運行時數據（例如機器生產率或工作溫度）、自動啟動和停止流程、在機器發生故障時生成警報等。可編程邏輯控制器是一種靈活而強大的控制解決方案，適用于幾乎所有應用。

“PLC”的定義

PLC 有幾個關鍵特性，與工業 PC、微控制器和其他工業控制解決方案不同：
? I/O – PLC 的 CPU 存儲和處理程序數據，但輸入和輸出模塊將 PLC 連接到機器的其余部分；這些 I/O 模塊向 CPU 提供信息并觸發特定結果。I/O 可以是模擬的，也可以是數字的；輸入設備可能包括傳感器、開關和儀表，而輸出可能包括繼電器、燈、閥門和驅動器。用戶可以混合搭配 PLC 的 I/O，以獲得適合其應用的正確配置。
? 通信 – 除了輸入和輸出設備外，PLC 可能還需要與其他類型的系統連接；例如，用戶可能希望將 PLC 記錄的應用程序數據導出到監控和數據采集 (SCADA) 系統，該系統監控多個連接的設備。PLC 提供一系列端口和通信協議，以確保 PLC 可以與這些其他系統通信。
? HMI – 為了實時與 PLC 交互，用戶需要 HMI，即人機界面。這些操作員界面可以是帶有文本讀出器和鍵盤的簡單顯示器，也可以是更類似于消費電子產品的大型觸摸屏面板，但無論哪種方式，它們都使用戶能夠實時查看和輸入信息到 PLC。

高級 PLC 功能

在當今的工業物聯網 (iIoT) 世界中，工業 4.0 可編程控制器需要通過 Web 瀏覽器傳遞數據、通過 SQL 連接數據庫，甚至通過 MQTT 連接云數據。

一體化 PLC

一體化PLC將控制器與 HMI 面板集成在一起，形成一個緊湊、易于使用的自動化解決方案。用戶不再需要建立 PLC 到面板的通信，并且可以在單個軟件環境中對梯形邏輯和 HMI 設計進行編程。一體化方法可以節省時間、減少布線并降低購買多個設備的成本。

PLC 如何編程

PLC 程序通常在計算機上編寫，然后下載到控制器。
大多數PLC 編程軟件都提供梯形邏輯或“C”編程。梯形邏輯是傳統的編程語言。它模仿電路圖，從左到右讀取邏輯“梯級”。每個梯級代表由 PLC 控制的特定操作，從一個輸入或一系列輸入（觸點）開始，產生一個輸出（線圈）。由于其可視化特性，梯形邏輯比許多其他編程語言更容易實現。
“C”編程是一項較新的創新。
一些 PLC 制造商提供控制編程軟件。

PLC 有哪些不同類型？

除了上面描述的傳統 PLC 之外，還有其他變體，包括 PLC + HMI 控制器。